Research progress on multifunctional natural antioxidants in oral therapies / 口腔疾病防治

@#Oxidative stress is closely associated with the development of oral diseases such as caries, periodontitis and endodontitis. The accompanying oxidative stress during inflammation could aggravate tissue damage. However, numerous studies have shown that some dental materials, such as composite resins, bleach, drugs for root canal irrigation and dental implants, can give rise to abundant free radicals, which have adverse effects on peripheral tissues. Therefore, it is essential to supplement with extra antioxidants against free radicals. Plant-derived natural antioxidants have attracted great attention in biomedicine because of their excellent biocompatibility and easy access. This paper focused on the redox imbalance in the oral cavity and the application of natural antioxidants to oral therapy and their modification of dental materials. Current research shows that by constructing polyphenol-based metal organic nanoenzymes or adding vitamins and polyphenols to bionic hydrogels, the safety and utilization rate of antioxidants can be significantly improved. However, these polymer delivery systems have problems such as poor degradability, hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicity, and the research is still in its infancy. In terms of material modification, it is crucial to choose the type and ratio of natural antioxidants and raw materials, as well as appropriate modification methods. A strong chemical bond between the antioxidant and the raw material may lead to the failure of antioxidant release from the modified composite, lowering the antioxidant activity. At the same time, the selection of polyphenols rich in pyrogallol functional groups can retain more free phenolic hydroxyl groups after chemical modification, which is conducive to greater antioxidant activity by the implant materials. Although research on natural antioxidants in oral therapy has made progress, there is a lack of data supporting clinical trials and long-term application effects, and further research is still needed.

Analysis of muscle fatigue recovery in skiers: a nutritional intervention / Análise na recuperação da fadiga muscular em esquiadores: intervenção nutricional / Análisis en la recuperación de la fatiga muscular en esquiadores: intervención nutricional

ABSTRACT Introduction: Skiing is a sport that demands the high performance of motor coordination with high energy consumption, factors that strongly influence muscle fatigue. Athletes who experience this phenomenon tend to present a decline in performance, generating psychological irritability and impairment in concentration. Diet is closely related to athletic performance, but the proper prescription for skiing athletes still lacks studies. Objective: To explore the methods of recovery from sports fatigue in skiers by providing up-to-date perspectives for effective nutritional intervention during the recovery stage. Methods: Seven young male skiers were selected as research subjects, and caloric intake, among other conditions, was recorded in detail. After three weeks, indices of body weight, body fat rate, serum metabolism, cardiopulmonary capacity, and energy metabolism, among other relevant information, were duly recorded and compared. Results: The intervention did not significantly impact lean body mass indices (p>0.05). The athletes' body weight decreased significantly, and the body fat rate decreased significantly after the nutritional intervention; The analyzed biomarkers were positively impacted, except the urea nitrogen concentration that showed a tendency to increase after the nutritional intervention, an effect that may be linked to the proportional increase of protein intake. Conclusion: The proposed nutritional intervention positively impacted the skiers' energy metabolism, directly impacting the athletes' recovery from sports fatigue. Level of evidence II; Therapeutic studies - investigation of treatment outcomes.

RESUMO Introdução: O esqui é um esporte que exige alto desempenho de coordenação motora com um elevado consumo de energia, fatores que influenciam fortemente a fadiga muscular. Atletas que experienciam esse fenômeno, tendem a apresentar um declínio no nível do desempenho, gerando irritabilidade psicológica e prejuízos na concentração. A dieta está intimamente relacionada ao desempenho atlético, porém a receita adequada para os atletas em esqui ainda carece de estudos. Objetivo: Explorar os métodos de recuperação da fadiga esportiva nos esquiadores fornecendo perspectivas atualizadas para uma intervenção nutricional eficaz durante a etapa de recuperação. Métodos: Sete jovens esquiadores do sexo masculino foram selecionados como sujeitos da pesquisa, e a ingestão calórica, entre outras condições foram detalhadamente registradas. Após três semanas, índices de peso corporal, taxa de gordura corporal, metabolismo sérico, capacidade cardiopulmonar, metabolismo energético, entre outras informações relevantes foram devidamente registradas e comparadas. Resultados: A intervenção não impactou significativamente nos índices de massa magra corporal (p>0,05). O peso corporal dos atletas diminuiu significativamente e a taxa de gordura corporal diminuiu significativamente após a intervenção nutricional; os biomarcadores analisados foram positivamente impactados, a exceção da concentração de nitrogênio ureico que apresentou tendência de alta após a intervenção nutricional, efeito que pode estar atrelado ao aumento proporcional da ingesta proteica. Conclusão: A proposta de intervenção nutricional apresentou impactos positivos no metabolismo energético dos esquiadores, impactando diretamente na recuperação da fadiga esportiva dos atletas. Nível de evidência II; Estudos terapêuticos - investigação dos resultados do tratamento.

RESUMEN Introducción: El esquí es un deporte que exige un alto rendimiento de coordinación motora con un elevado consumo de energía, factores que influyen fuertemente en la fatiga muscular. Los deportistas que experimentan este fenómeno, tienden a presentar un descenso en el nivel de rendimiento, generando irritabilidad psicológica y daños en la concentración. La dieta está estrechamente relacionada con el rendimiento deportivo, pero la prescripción adecuada para los atletas de esquí aún carece de estudios. Objetivo: Explorar los métodos de recuperación de la fatiga deportiva en los esquiadores proporcionando perspectivas actualizadas para una intervención nutricional eficaz durante la etapa de recuperación. Métodos: Se seleccionaron siete jóvenes esquiadores varones como sujetos de investigación, y se registró detalladamente la ingesta calórica, entre otras condiciones. Al cabo de tres semanas, se registraron y compararon debidamente los índices de peso corporal, el índice de grasa corporal, el metabolismo sérico, la capacidad cardiopulmonar y el metabolismo energético, entre otros datos relevantes. Resultados: La intervención no tuvo un impacto significativo en los índices de masa corporal magra (p>0,05). El peso corporal de los atletas disminuyó significativamente y el índice de grasa corporal disminuyó significativamente después de la intervención nutricional. Los biomarcadores analizados tuvieron un impacto positivo, con la excepción de la concentración de nitrógeno ureico que mostró una tendencia a aumentar después de la intervención nutricional, efecto que puede estar relacionado con el aumento proporcional de la ingesta de proteínas. Conclusión: La propuesta de intervención nutricional presentó impactos positivos en el metabolismo energético de los esquiadores, impactando directamente en la recuperación de la fatiga deportiva de los atletas. Nivel de evidencia II; Estudios terapéuticos - investigación de los resultados del tratamiento.

Influence of sports injuries and resistance training on skiers' bone mass / Influência de lesões esportivas e treinamento de resistência na massa óssea de esquiadores / Influencia de las lesiones deportivas y del entrenamiento de resistencia en la masa ósea de los esquiadores

ABSTRACT Introduction: With the preparation and development of the Winter Olympic Games, there has been an increase in the popularity of skiing. Driven by this demand, the professional development of coaches requires updates in the analysis of skiers' sports injuries, elaboration of corresponding prevention and treatment strategies, and resistance training to promote the development of athletes' physical quality, such as bone mass and mineral density. Objective: Study the sports injuries of skiers and explore needs and ways of applying resistance training in skiing. Methods: The questionnaire survey was used to explore the main types of injuries and their influencing factors. Then, 20 volunteers were selected for the resistance training experiment; each group of 10 people included five men and five women. The control group maintained a normal daily life, while resistance training was added to the experimental group three times a week, based on the control group. Results: The research results showed that the current proportion of skiing injuries was relatively high, mainly in mild injuries. After nine weeks in the experimental resistance training group, both men and women had positive bone mass development. Conclusion: Resistance training can improve physical quality and reduce the occurrence of sports injuries, demonstrating the benefits of its implementation in endurance training for skiers. Level of evidence II; Therapeutic studies - investigation of treatment outcomes.

RESUMO Introdução: Com a preparação e desenvolvimento dos Jogos Olímpicos de Inverno, houve um aumento da popularidade do esqui. Impulsionados por essa demanda, o desenvolvimento profissional dos treinadores requer atualizações nas análises de lesões esportivas dos esquiadores, elaboração de estratégias de prevenção e tratamento correspondentes, além de treinamentos de resistência de modo a promover o desenvolvimento da qualidade física dos atletas, como a massa óssea e sua densidade mineral. Objetivo: Estudar as lesões esportivas dos esquiadores e explorar necessidades e modos de aplicação do treino de resistência no esqui. Métodos: O método de pesquisa por questionário foi utilizado para explorar os principais tipos de lesões e seus fatores influenciadores. Em seguida, 20 voluntários foram selecionados para o experimento de treinamento de resistência, cada grupo de 10 pessoas incluiu 5 homens e 5 mulheres. O grupo controle manteve uma vida diária normal, enquanto ao grupo experimental foi adicionado um treinamento de resistência, três vezes por semana, com base no grupo controle. Resultados: Os resultados da pesquisa mostraram que a proporção atual de lesões por esqui foi relativamente alta, principalmente em lesões leves. Após 9 semanas no grupo experimental de treinamento de resistência, tanto homens quanto mulheres tiveram desenvolvimento positivo de massa óssea. Conclusão: O treinamento de resistência pode não só melhorar a qualidade física, mas também reduzir a ocorrência de lesões esportivas, demonstrando os benefícios de sua implementação no treinamento de resistência dos esquiadores. Nível de evidência II; Estudos terapêuticos - investigação dos resultados do tratamento.

RESUMEN Introducción: Con la preparación y el desarrollo de los Juegos Olímpicos de Invierno, ha aumentado la popularidad del esquí. Impulsado por esta demanda, el desarrollo profesional de los entrenadores requiere actualizaciones en el análisis de las lesiones deportivas de los esquiadores, la elaboración de las correspondientes estrategias de prevención y tratamiento, así como el entrenamiento de la resistencia para promover el desarrollo de la calidad física de los atletas, como la masa ósea y la densidad mineral. Objetivo: Estudiar las lesiones deportivas de los esquiadores y explorar las necesidades y formas de aplicar el entrenamiento de resistencia en el esquí. Métodos: Se utilizó el método de encuesta por cuestionario para explorar los principales tipos de lesiones y sus factores de influencia. A continuación, se seleccionaron 20 voluntarios para el experimento de entrenamiento de resistencia, cada grupo de 10 personas incluía 5 hombres y 5 mujeres. El grupo de control mantuvo una vida diaria normal, mientras que al grupo experimental se le añadió un entrenamiento de resistencia, tres veces por semana, basado en el grupo de control. Resultados: Los resultados de la investigación mostraron que la proporción actual de lesiones de esquí era relativamente alta, principalmente en las lesiones leves. Después de 9 semanas en el grupo experimental de entrenamiento de resistencia, tanto los hombres como las mujeres tuvieron un desarrollo positivo de la masa ósea. Conclusión: El entrenamiento de resistencia no sólo puede mejorar la calidad física, sino también reducir la aparición de lesiones deportivas, lo que demuestra los beneficios de su aplicación en el entrenamiento de resistencia de los esquiadores. Nivel de evidencia II; Estudios terapéuticos - investigación de los resultados del tratamiento.

Impacts of table tennis on the health of young students / Impactos do tênis de mesa sobre a saúde de jovens estudantes / Impactos del tenis de mesa en la salud de jóvenes estudiantes

ABSTRACT Introduction By improving the material level of life, the amount of exercise of adolescents is decreasing, leading the muscular strength and cardiorespiratory resistance to also decrease instead of increase. Therefore, it is urgent to present effective training methods in physical education teaching to benefit adolescents' quality of life. Objective Study the effect of table tennis training on musculature and cardiorespiratory endurance in young students. Methods 60 students from grade 7 of a high school were randomly divided into experimental and control groups. The experiment lasted for 9 weeks. In this paper, intra-group comparisons and inter-group comparisons were used. Before the experiment and after 9 weeks of training, students had their biophysical indicators collected; these data were analyzed and statistically compared. Results Existing physical education training can overall improve students' physical muscular and cardiopulmonary endurance. The results show that the current training is effective, but inferior to that experienced with table tennis, and should be adjusted. Conclusion In teaching high school youth, physical education teachers are advised to promote table tennis to promote the young student's health. Level of evidence II; Therapeutic studies - investigation of treatment outcomes.

RESUMO Introdução Ao melhorar o nível de vida material, a quantidade de exercício dos adolescentes está diminuindo, levando a força muscular e a resistência cardiorrespiratória a também diminuem ao invés de aumentar. Portanto, é urgente apresentar métodos de treinamento eficazes no ensino da educação física, visando beneficiar o nível de qualidade de vida dos adolescentes. Objetivo Estudar o efeito do treinamento de tênis de mesa sobre a musculatura e a resistência cardiorrespiratória em jovens estudantes. Métodos 60 alunos da série 7 de uma escola de ensino médio foram aleatoriamente divididos em grupo experimental e controle. O experimento durou 9 semanas. Neste trabalho, foram usadas a comparação intragrupo e a comparação intergrupo. Antes do experimento e após 9 semanas de treinamento, os alunos tiveram seus indicadores biofísicos coletados, esses dados foram analisados e comparados estatisticamente. Resultados O treinamento de educação física existentes podem melhorar globalmente a resistência muscular física e cardiopulmonar dos alunos. Os resultados mostram que o treinamento atual é eficaz, porém inferior ao experimentado com o tênis de mesa, devendo ser ajustados. Conclusão Na atual situação do ensino para jovens do ensino médio, é aconselhado aos professores de educação física promoverem o tênis de mesa como uma medida auxiliar na promoção integral da saúde do jovem estudante. Nível de evidência II; Estudos terapêuticos - investigação dos resultados do tratamento.

RESUMEN Introducción Al mejorar el nivel de vida material, la cantidad de ejercicio de los adolescentes está disminuyendo, lo que hace que la fuerza muscular y la resistencia cardiorrespiratoria también disminuyan en lugar de aumentar. Por lo tanto, es urgente presentar métodos de formación eficaces en la enseñanza de la educación física, con el objetivo de beneficiar el nivel de calidad de vida de los adolescentes. Objetivo Estudiar el efecto del entrenamiento de tenis de mesa sobre la musculatura y la resistencia cardiorrespiratoria en jóvenes estudiantes. Métodos 60 estudiantes de 7º curso de un instituto se dividieron aleatoriamente en grupo experimental y grupo de control. El experimento duró 9 semanas. En este trabajo se utilizó la comparación intragrupo y la comparación intergrupo. Antes del experimento y después de 9 semanas de entrenamiento, se recogieron los indicadores biofísicos de los estudiantes, se analizaron estos datos y se compararon estadísticamente. Resultados El entrenamiento de educación física existente puede mejorar la resistencia física muscular y cardiopulmonar general de los estudiantes. Los resultados demuestran que el entrenamiento actual es eficaz, pero inferior al experimentado con el tenis de mesa, y debería ajustarse. Conclusión En la situación actual de la enseñanza para jóvenes de secundaria, se aconseja que los profesores de educación física promuevan el tenis de mesa como medida auxiliar en la promoción integral de la salud del joven estudiante. Nivel de evidencia II; Estudios terapéuticos - investigación de los resultados del tratamiento.

Association of mobile phone use with childhood abuse experiences and sleep quality in medical students / 中国学校卫生

Objective@#To explore the mediating effect and gender difference of mobile phone use in the association between different types of childhood abuse experiences and sleep quality of medical students, so as to provide reference for promoting sleep quality of medical students.@*Methods@#A longitudinal study design method was used to select freshmen and sophomores in two medical colleges in Anhui Province from November to December 2019, follow up data were collected from May to June 2020, and a total of 6 879 students were included in this study. Spearman correlation was used to analyze the association between baseline childhood abuse experiences, baseline mobile phone use and follow up sleep quality. Bootstrap program and Process software were applied to test the mediating effect of mobile phone use in the relationship between childhood abuse and sleep quality.@*Results@#Childhood abuse experiences were positively correlated with mobile phone use and sleep quality score ( r = 0.27 , 0.24, P <0.01), and mobile phone use was positively correlated with sleep quality score ( r =0.31, P <0.01). In the total sample, after adjusting for confounding factors, mobile phone use played a partial mediating role in childhood abuse experiences (including emotional abuse, physical abuse, sexual abuse) and sleep quality, and the mediating effect was 18.08% (18.12%, 17.15%, 24.09%). The mediating effect of mobile phone use on the relationship between childhood emotional abuse, sexual abuse, childhood abuse and sleep quality in girls(18.32%, 28.05%, 18.24%) was higher than in boys(17.81%, 18.94%, 17.63%).@*Conclusion@#Mobile phone use has a mediating effect on the relationship between childhood abuse and sleep quality, controlling mobile phone overuse may contribute to improving the sleep quality for those who have experienced childhood abuse.

Adolescents' healthy sports behavior model based on the theory of social-ecological system / Modelo de comportamento esportivo saudável de adolescentes baseado na teoria do sistema socioecológico / Modelo de comportamiento deportivo saludable de adolescentes basado en la teoría del sistema socioecológico

ABSTRACT Introduction: Education administrative departments and schools should regard sports as an integral part of school education and allow students to use sports every day. Guarantee the time for sports activities; schools should organize various forms of extracurricular sports activities". Objective: Based on the ecological system theory, the paper constructs a three-factor structural model that restricts youth sports participation and compiles a scale of factors restricting youth sports participation. Methods: The thesis selected 1,800 primary and secondary school students as the research object and used exploratory factor analysis to explore the questionnaire structure on the obstacles to sports participation. Results: 1) Exploratory factor analysis, the cumulative contribution rate of the first three factors extracted was 58.90%, and the load of each factor was more significant than 0.4. The three factors were school factors, family factors, and personal factors in order; 2) Reselected subjects, Exploring the three-factor structural model of obstacles to sports participation were verified. The final modified model RMSEA was 0.071, CFI was 0.98, and χ2/df was 8.55. The three factors were school factors, family factors, and personal factors. Conclusions: The fit of the three-factor structural indicators restricting youth sports participation is ideal, and the model is relatively stable. The "Questionnaire on Restricting Factors of Youth Sports Participation" can be used as a measurement tool to evaluate and understand youth sports participation constraints. Level of evidence II; Therapeutic studies - investigation of treatment results.

RESUMO Introdução: Departamentos administrativos de educação e escolas devem considerar os esportes como parte integrante da educação escolar e permitir que os alunos pratiquem esportes todos os dias. Garantia de tempo para atividades esportivas; as escolas devem organizar várias formas de atividades esportivas extracurriculares. Objetivo: Com base na teoria do sistema ecológico, o artigo constrói um modelo estrutural de três fatores que restringe a participação em esportes de jovens e compila uma escala de fatores que restringem a participação em esportes de jovens. Métodos: a tese selecionou 1.800 alunos do ensino fundamental e médio como objeto de pesquisa e utilizou uma análise fatorial exploratória para explorar a estrutura do questionário sobre obstáculos à participação esportiva. Resultados: 1) Análise fatorial exploratória, a taxa de contribuição cumulativa dos três primeiros fatores extraídos foi de 58,90% e a carga de cada fator foi mais significativa do que 0,4. Os três fatores eram fatores escolares, fatores familiares e fatores pessoais em ordem; 2) Foram verificados os temas reelecionados, explorando o modelo estrutural de três fatores de obstáculos à participação esportiva. O modelo RMSEA modificado final foi 0,071, CFI foi 0,98 e χ2 / df foi 8,55. Os três fatores eram fatores escolares, fatores familiares e fatores pessoais. Conclusões: O ajuste dos indicadores estruturais de três fatores que restringem a participação dos jovens em esportes é ideal e o modelo é relativamente estável. O "Questionário sobre Fatores Restritivos da Participação em Esportes de Jovens" pode ser usado como uma ferramenta de medição para avaliar e compreender as limitações da participação em esportes de jovens. Nível de evidência II; Estudos terapêuticos: investigação dos resultados do tratamento.

RESUMEN Introducción: Los departamentos administrativos de educación y las escuelas deben considerar los deportes como una parte integral de la educación escolar y permitir que los estudiantes utilicen los deportes todos los días. Garantizar el tiempo para actividades deportivas; las escuelas deberían organizar diversas formas de actividades deportivas extracurriculares. Objetivo: Basado en la teoría del sistema ecológico, el artículo construye un modelo estructural de tres factores que restringe la participación deportiva juvenil y compila una escala de factores que restringen la participación deportiva juvenil. Métodos: La tesis seleccionó a 1.800 estudiantes de primaria y secundaria como objeto de investigación y utilizó un análisis factorial exploratorio para explorar la estructura del cuestionario sobre los obstáculos a la participación deportiva. Resultados: 1) Análisis factorial exploratorio, la tasa de contribución acumulada de los tres primeros factores extraídos fue de 58,90% y la carga de cada factor fue más significativa que 0,4. Los tres factores fueron factores escolares, factores familiares y factores personales en orden; 2) Se verificaron sujetos reselegidos, Explorando el modelo estructural de tres factores de obstáculos a la participación deportiva. El modelo final modificado RMSEA fue 0.071, CFI fue 0.98 y χ2 / df fue 8.55. Los tres factores fueron factores escolares, factores familiares y factores personales. Conclusiones: El ajuste de los indicadores estructurales de tres factores que restringen la participación deportiva juvenil es ideal y el modelo es relativamente estable. El "Cuestionario sobre factores restrictivos de la participación deportiva juvenil" puede utilizarse como una herramienta de medición para evaluar y comprender las limitaciones de la participación deportiva juvenil. Nivel de evidencia II; Estudios terapéuticos: investigación de los resultados del tratamiento.

Association between sleep disorders and behavioral problems in preschool children / 中国学校卫生

Objective@#To investigate the association between sleep with emotional and behavioral problems of preschool children in Wuhu City.@*Methods@#A cluster sampling survey was conducted among senior class of 12 kindergartens in Wuhu City, a total of 1 158 preschool children were investigated. The self designed questionnaire was used to investigate the general situation and sleep characteristics. Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) and Sleeping Quality Questionnaire for Children Aged 2-5 years were used to investigate their emotional behavior and sleep disorders.@*Results@#About 44.21% of respondents had emotional and behavioral problems, among which peer interaction was the most prominent. There were gender differences in sleeping alone and the need of comforters for sleep. 41.97% of preschool children detected at least one type of sleep disorder, and the detection rate of disturbed sleep was 33.83% in girls, which was higher than that of boys(25.97%). Abnormal sleep and disturbed sleep increased the risk of emotional and behavioral problems in preschool girls( OR=2.33, 95%CI =1.25-4.34; OR=4.92, 95%CI =1.28-19.00), adequate sleep reduced the risk( OR=0.46, 95%CI =0.27-0.77). Abnormal sleep increased the risk of boys emotional and behavioral abnormalities( OR=1.86, 95%CI =1.08-3.19), while sleeping alone reduced the risk( OR=0.59, 95%CI =0.37-0.95).@*Conclusion@#Sleep behaviors are associated with the occurrence of emotional and behavioral problems in preschool children in a sex specific manner.

Effect of ultrasound-guided right stellate ganglion block on perioperative atrial fibrillation in patients undergoing lung lobectomy: a randomized controlled trial / Efeito do bloqueio do gânglio estrelado direito guiado por ultrassom na fibrilação atrial perioperatória em pacientes submetidos a lobectomia pulmonar: estudo controlado randomizado

Abstract Objective: To observe the effects of preoperative right stellate ganglion block on perioperative atrial fibrillation in patients undergoing lung lobectomy. Methods: Two hundred patients who underwent a scheduled lobectomy were randomly divided into the S and C groups. The S group was injected with 4 mL of 0.2% ropivacaine under ultrasound guidance, and the C group did not receive stellate ganglion block. The patients underwent continuous ECG monitoring, and the incidences of atrial fibrillation and other types of arrhythmias were recorded from the start of surgery to 24 hours after surgery. Results: The respective incidences of atrial fibrillation in the S group and the C group were 3% and 10% (p = 0.045); other atrial arrhythmias were 20% and 38% (p = 0.005); and ventricular arrhythmia were 28% and 39% (p = 0.09). Conclusions: The results of the study indicated that preoperative right stellate ganglion block can effectively reduce the incidence of intraoperative and postoperative atrial fibrillation.

Resumo Objetivo: Observar os efeitos do bloqueio do gânglio estrelado na fibrilação atrial no período perioperatório em pacientes submetidos a lobectomia pulmonar. Método: Duzentos pacientes programados para lobectomia foram divididos aleatoriamente nos grupos S e C. O grupo S recebeu infusão de 4 mL de ropivacaína a 0,2% orientada por ultrassom e o grupo C não foi submetido a bloqueio do gânglio estrelado. Os pacientes foram submetidos à monitoração contínua de ECG, e as incidências de fibrilação atrial e outros tipos de arritmias foram registradas do início da cirurgia até 24 horas depois da cirurgia. Resultados: As incidências de fibrilação atrial no grupo S e no grupo C foram 3% e 10%, respectivamente (p = 0,045); as de outras arritmias atriais foram 20% e 38% (p = 0,005); e de arritmias ventriculares, 28% e 39% (p = 0,09). Conclusões: Os resultados do estudo indicaram que o bloqueio do gânglio estrelado no pré-operatório pode ser efetivo na redução da incidência de fibrilação atrial nos períodos intra- e pós-operatório.

Psychological distress and its associated risk factors among university students

SUMMARY OBJECTIVE Psychological distress is an important mental health problem among university students. The goal of this study was to determine psychological distress and its associated risk factors among students in the Anhui province. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted in a sample of 1304 students. In this study, a self-administered questionnaire consisting of the general demography and General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12) was completed. Psychological distress was assessed using the GHQ-12-item questionnaire. A dichotomous category split was imposed on the GHQ-12 for the purpose of analysis. A GHQ-12 score of 4 or higher indicated psychological distress. The data were analyzed by SPSS 20.0 system. RESULTS A total of 1304 samples were analyzed in this study. The results indicated that the education level of the father and mother was associated with the students' psychological distress (P<0.001). A significant association was found between high-intensity exercise and low-intensity exercise and psychological distress. However, no significant difference was identified between gender and psychological distress (P=0.173). CONCLUSION The education level of parents, high-intensity exercise, and low-intensity exercise were associated with psychological distress. Our results suggest that it is indispensable to raise awareness of psychological disorders and its associated risk factors among university students. Further studies are required to develop appropriate interventions for high-risk groups.

RESUMO OBJETIVO O estresse psicológico é um importante problema de saúde mental entre estudantes universitários. O objetivo deste estudo foi determinar o estresse psicológico e seus fatores de risco associados entre os estudantes na província de Anhui. MÉTODOS Um estudo transversal foi realizado entre uma amostra de 1.304 indivíduos. Nesse estudo, foi preenchido um questionário autoaplicável que consiste na demografia geral e no Questionário Geral de Saúde (GHQ-12). O problema psicológico foi avaliado utilizando o questionário GHQ de 12 itens. Uma divisão dicotômica de categoria foi imposta ao GHQ-12 para efeito de análise. Uma pontuação de quatro ou mais no GHQ-12 mostrava que um indivíduo tem problemas psicológicos. Os dados foram analisados pelo software SPSS 20.0. RESULTADOS Um total de 1.304 amostras foi analisado neste estudo. Os resultados indicaram que o nível de educação do pai e da mãe estava associado com estudantes em estresse psicológico (P<0,001). Foi encontrada uma associação significativa entre o exercício de alta intensidade e o exercício de baixa intensidade com o estresse psicológico. No entanto, não foi identificada qualquer diferença significativa entre o gênero e o estresse psicológico (P=0,173). CONCLUSÃO O nível de educação dos pais, exercícios de alta intensidade e exercícios de baixa intensidade foram associados com estresse psicológico. Nossos resultados sugerem que é indispensável aumentar a sensibilização para as perturbações psicológicas e para os fatores de risco associados aos estudantes universitários. São necessários mais estudos para desenvolver intervenções adequadas para grupos de alto risco.

Photosynthetic index and nitrogen assimilation in rapeseed seedlings transplanted in soil with ammonium glufosinate / Índice fotossintético e assimilação de nitrogênio em plântulas de colza transplantadas em resposta a resíduos de glufosinato presentes no solo

ABSTRACT: Herbicide application is an effective weed control method for mitigating crop yield loss; however, herbicide overuse can cause toxicity in non-target plants. The present study evaluated the effects of glufosinate at recommended dose for agricultural application (0.45 kg ha-1) and at overuse dose (0.90 kg ha-1) glufosinate application on photosynthetic performance and nitrogen assimilation of the rapeseed varieties D148 and Zhongshuang 11 (ZS11). Both glufosinate concentrations significantly decreased the content of chlorophyll and nitrogenous compounds, except free proline, and the activity of glutamine synthetase and glutamate synthase, and increased the activity of glutamic acid dehydrogenase in both varieties. When the concentration of glyphosate was 0.45kg ha-1, the nitrogen assimilation of the two varieties decreased, which indicated that the recommended dosage inhibited the nitrogen assimilation of the two varieties; however, the increase of net photosynthetic rate of D148 and the decrease of that of ZS11 mean that D148 is more tolerant to the recommended dose of glyphosate than ZS11. The 0.90 kg ha-1 dosage was toxic to both rapeseed varieties. Overall, our results indicated that herbicide overuse inhibited the photosynthetic rate and nitrogen assimilation in rapeseed seedlings, and it is essential to apply a suitable glufosinate dose based on the variety grown to minimize adverse effects on crops and environment.

RESUMO: A aplicação de herbicidas é um método eficaz de controle de ervas daninhas para mitigar a perda de produtividade das culturas. No entanto, o uso excessivo de herbicidas pode causar toxicidade em plantas não alvo. O presente estudo avaliou os efeitos da dose recomendada para aplicação agrícola (0.45 kg ha-1) e dose excessiva (0.90 kg ha-1) de glufosinato no desempenho fotossintético e assimilação de nitrogênio das variedades de colza D148 e Zhongshuang 11 (ZS11). Ambas as concentrações de glutamato diminuíram significativamente o teor de clorofila e compostos azotados, exceto a prolina livre, e a atividade de síntese da glutamina e de síntese de glutamato, e aumentaram a atividade de desidrogenase do ácido glutâmico em ambas as variedades. Quando a concentração de glifosato foi 0.45 kg ha-1, a assimilação de azoto das duas variedades diminuiu, o que indicou que a dosagem recomendada de glifosato inibiu a assimilação de azoto das duas variedades de colza. Entretanto, a taxa fotosintética líquida do D148 aumentou enquanto o do ZS11 diminuiu, o que significa que o D148 é mais tolerante a dose recomendada de glifosato do que o ZS11. A dose de 0.90 kg ha-1 de glifosato foi prejudicial para as mudas de duas variedades de colza. Em geral, os nossos resultados indicam que o uso excessivo de glufosinato inibe a taxa fotossintética e a assimilação de nitrogênio em mudas de colza, sendo essencial aplicar uma dose adequada deste herbicida com base na variedade cultivada para minimizar os efeitos adversos nas culturas e no meio ambiente.

Inhibitory effect of miR-3195 on the proliferation of human laryngeal carcinoma Hep-2 cells and its mechanism / 中国肿瘤生物治疗杂志

@#[Abstract] Objective: To investigate the effect of miR-3195 on the proliferation of laryngeal carcinoma Hep-2 cells and its molecular mechanism. Methods: From January 2008 to August 2012, the laryngeal cancer tissues and their corresponding paracancerous tissues from 29 patients with laryngeal cancer who were admitted to the Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Chenzhou First People's Hospital Affiliated to teaching hospital of University of South China were selected for this study. qPCR was used to detect the expression of miR-3195 in laryngeal carcinoma and the paracancerous tissues; Hep-2 cell line with stable and high expression of miR-3195 was constructed. The proliferation of miR-3195 over-expressed Hep-2 cells and the control cells was observed by MTT method. A nude mouse xenograft model was established to observe the proliferation of miR-3195 overexpressed Hep-2 cells in nude mice. Bioinformatics tools were used to predict the target gene of miR-3195; the luciferase vector of TBX1 3'UTR was constructed, and its luciferase activity was examined with dual luciferase detection system; Western blotting was used to detect the TBX1 protein expression in miR-3195 over-expressed cells and control cells. Results: The expression of miR-3195 in laryngeal carcinoma tissues was significantly lower than that in paracancerous tissues (P<0.01); miR-3195 up-regulation could inhibit the proliferation of Hep-2 cells (P<0.01) and significantly inhibit the growth of transplanted tumors in nude mice (P<0.05); The results of the Dual luciferase reporter gene assay indicated that miR-3195 might targetedly bind to TBX1 (P<0.05), and Western blotting proved that miR-3195 could inhibit the expression of TBX1 protein (P<0.05). Conclusion: miR-3195 has a significant inhibitory effect on the proliferation of Hep-2 cells, and its molecular mechanism may be related to the negative regulation of TBX1 expression.

Advance in the studies of the bidirectional effects of corona virus disease 2019 and cardiovascular disease / 解放军医学杂志

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), similar to severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) coronavirus, can bind to angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor, damage multiple organs and is more contagious. Clinical studies have found that patients with cardiovascular disease are more susceptible to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), and are more prone to develop severe disease after infection and have a poor prognosis. Since patients with cardiovascular disease have more ACE2 receptors, are more prone to vascular endothelial damage, while patients with COVID often have increased plasma angiotensin II and inflammatory factors, hypoxia in body and myocardium, and blood coagulation dysfunction, so that the overall disease aggravated. At present, there is insufficient research on the specific mechanism of the interaction between COVID and cardiovascular disease (especially the mechanism of increased susceptibility to COVID in patients with cardiovascular disease). In present paper, the characteristics of the SARS-CoV-2, the susceptibility, and the concurrent characteristics of the underlying diseases are discussed, which provides reference suggestions for the next clinical and experimental steps.

Relationship between childhood abuse and dating violence perpetration and victimization among medical college students / 中国学校卫生

Objective@#The purpose of the current study was to determinate the prevalence of dating violence perpetration and victimization and to examine its relationship with childhood abuse among medical college students.@*Methods@#Cluster sampling survey was carried out among 3 727 freshmen and sophomores in two medical colleges from Anhui Province. Information with general demographic variables, childhood abuse and dating violence was obtained. Logistic regression was used to identify the relationship of different types of childhood abuse and dating violence after controlled for confounding factors.@*Results@#The rate of dating violence perpetration and victimization was 37.8% and 27.8%, respectively. Female students had higher childhood emotional abuse experience (61.9%) than male students (51.6%), while male students had higher childhood physical and sexual abuse (28.2% and 19.4%) than females (24.3% and 10.5%) (χ2=33.84，6.33，52.97，P<0.01). Results showed that increased dating violence perpetration [OR(95%CI)=1.71(1.48-1.98),1.55(1.33-1.82),1.75(1.43-2.15)]and victimization [OR(95%CI)=1.84(1.43-2.16),1.59(1.34-1.87),1.62(1.32-2.00)](P<0.01) among individuals with physical, emotional and sexual abuse after controlling for confounding variables. No gender difference was found within other groups in the relationship between childhood abuse and dating violence(P>0.05).@*Conclusion@#Childhood abuse experiences are associated with higher risk of dating violence perpetration and victimization among college students. Reducing childhood abuse is beneficial to the prevention and control of dating violence among medical college students.

Clinical analysis of 36 patients with allograft orthotopic heart transplantation / 中国胸心血管外科临床杂志

@#Objective    To analyze the clinical effects of allograft orthotopic heart transplantation. Methods    The clinical data of 36 patients with allograft orthotopic heart transplantation performed in the Heart Centre of Nanjing First Hospital from January 1, 2014 to January 1, 2019 were retrospectively analyzed. There were 31 males and 5 females, aged 23-65 (46.2±8.8) years. Protopathy diseases of recipients included dilated cardiomyopathy in 33 patients, end-stage coronary heart disease in 2 patients, and end-stage valvular heart disease in 1 patient. Heart transplantations were performed through double vena cava anastomosis. Immune induction during operations was treated with a combination therapy of both bariximab and methylprednisolone. Postoperatively, all patients were treated with a new triple immunosuppression protocol: FK506+cellcept+prednisone. Results    During the perioperative period, 1 patient died of severe infection. For 8 patients with heart failure, after adjustment and intra-aortic balloon pump, the cardiac function of all the 8 patients improved. For 5 patients with renal failure, after continuous renal replacement therapy, the renal function of all the patients returned to normal. One patient died of graft failure after 1 year of follow-up. The follow-up time for each patient postoperatively differed from 3 to 49 months with an average time of 16±4 months while the 1-year survival rate was 97.1% (34/35). Among them, 10 patients were marginal donors, with no significant differences between conventional donors and them. Conclusion     For end-stage heart diseases, heart transplantation is one of the effective treatment methods in China with fine early- and middle-term curative effects. Reasonable application of intra-aortic balloon pump, continuous renal replacement therapy and other adjuvant treatments and the new triple immunosuppression protocol can significantly improve the success rate of heart transplantation, reduce the occurrence of acute and chronic rejections. The application of marginal donors can alleviate the current situation of shortage of donors to some extent.

Acute kidney injury after on-pump or off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting in elderly patients / 中国胸心血管外科临床杂志

@#Objective    To compare the impact of cardiopulmonary coronary artery bypass grafting (CCABG) and off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting (OPCAB) on the incidence of postoperative acute kidney injury (AKI) in the elderly patients (age≥70 years). Methods    The clinical data of the isolated coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) patients (age≥70 years) in our center from January 1, 2009 to December 31, 2017 were collected and retrospectively analyzed. The patients with long-term dialysis, missing serum creatinine data, emergent surgery or CABG combined with other cardiac procedures were excluded. Totally there were 3 346 patients undergoing isolated CABG, and finally 1 405 patients (age≥70 years) entered the study. The elderly patients were divided into a CCABG group (956 patients) and an OPCAB group (449 patients) according to whether they used extracorporeal circulation. The incidence and severity of postoperative AKI in the two groups were compared. Results     AKI occurred in 306 (32.0%) patients in the CCABG group and in 138 (30.7%) patients in the OPCAB group with no significant difference (P=0.677). According to the acute kidney injury network (AKIN) criteria, the severity of AKI in the CCABG vs. OPCAB was as followings, AKIN stage Ⅰ: 211 (22.1%) vs. 93 (20.7%); AKIN stage Ⅱ: 51 (5.3%) vs. 23 (5.1%); and AKIN stage Ⅲ: 44 (4.6%) vs. 22 (4.9%) with no significant difference (P=0.579, 1.000 and 0.788). There was no significant difference in the new onset of dialysis between   the CCABG group (31 patients, 3.2%) and the OPCAB group (10 patients, 2.2%, P=0.376). Conclusion     AKI is a common complication in the elderly CABG patients, with AKIN stage Ⅰ accounting for the most proportion, but rate of postoperative renal replacement therapy is low. Compared with CCABG, OPCAB is not associated with a significantly low rate or reduced severity of AKI in elderly patients.

Treatment of spontaneous pneumothorax by mechanical pleurodesis / 中国胸心血管外科临床杂志

@#Objective    To investigate the clinical efficacy of video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) and pleurodesis for spontaneous pneumothorax. Methods    A retrospective analysis of 157 patients with spontaneous pneumothorax undergoing VATS from January 2012 to March 2016 in our hospital was done. According to different treatments, patients were divided into two groups: a group A (65 patients receving pleurodesis, 52 males and 13 females with a mean age of 34.77 years ranging from 17 to 73 years) and a group B (92 patients without pleurodesis, 76 males and 16 females with a mean age of 34.66 years ranging from 16 to 72 years). In the group A 29 patients underwent closed thoracic drainage; while in the group B there were 39 patients. Results    The patients were followed up for 3 months to 4 years. The recurrence rate of the group A was lower than that of the group B, but the difference was not statistically significant. For patients receving closed thoracic drainage preoperatively, intraoperative drainage volume at postoperative 24 h in the group A was more than that of the group B, but postoperative hospital stay was less than that of the group B (P<0.05). For patients not receving closed thoracic drainage preoperatively, drainage volume at postoperative 24 h, total drainage volume, postoperative hospital stay in the group A were more than those of the group B (P<0.05). Conclusion    Pleurodesis can not reduce the recurrence rate of spontaneous pneumothorax. Preoperative closed thoracic drainage combined with intraoperative pleurodesis can effectively reduce postoperative hospitalization; therefore pleurodesis is recommended. If preoperative closed thoracic drainage is not adopted, surgery without pleurodesis can effectively reduce thoracic drainage at postoperative 24 h, total drainage volume and hospital stay and the perioperative results are better; therefore mechanical pleurodesis is not recommended.

'Outbreak Gold Standard'Selection to Provide Optimized Threshold for Infectious Diseases Early-alert Based on China Infectious Disease Automated-alert and Response System / 华中科技大学学报（医学）（英德文版）

The China Infectious Disease Automated-alert and Response System (CIDARS) was successfully implemented and became operational nationwide in 2008.The CIDARS plays an important role in and has been integrated into the routine outbreak monitoring efforts of the Center for Disease Control (CDC) at all levels in China.In the CIDARS,thresholds are determined using the'Mean+2SD'in the early stage which have limitations.This study compared the performance of optimized thresholds defined using the'Mean +2SD'method to the performance of 5 novel algorithms to select optimal 'Outbreak Gold Standard (OGS)'and corresponding thresholds for outbreak detection.Data for infectious disease were organized by calendar week and year.The'Mean+2SD',C1,C2,moving average (MA),seasonal model (SM),and cumulative sum (CUSUM) algorithms were applied.Outbreak signals for the predicted value (Px) were calculated using a percentile-based moving window.When the outbreak signals generated by an algorithm were in line with a Px generated outbreak signal for each week,this Px was then defined as the optimized threshold for that algorithm.In this study,six infectious diseases were selected and classified into TYPE A (chickenpox and mumps),TYPE B (influenza and rubella) and TYPE C [hand foot and mouth disease (HFMD) and scarlet fever].Optimized thresholds for chickenpox (P55),mumps (P50),influenza (P40,P55,and P75),rubella (P45 and P75),HFMD (P65 and P70),and scarlet fever (P75 and Ps0) were identified.The C1,C2,CUSUM,SM,and MA algorithms were appropriate for TYPE A.All 6 algorithms were appropriate for TYPE B.C1 and CUSUM algorithms were appropriate for TYPE C.It is critical to incorporate more flexible algorithms as OGS into the CIDRAS and to identify the proper OGS and corresponding recommended optimized threshold by different infectious disease types.

Safety and Efficacy of Etanercept Monotherapy for Moderate-to-severe Plaque Psoriasis: A Prospective 12-week Follow-up Study / 华中科技大学学报（医学）（英德文版）

Etanercept has been shown to be effective for the treatment of moderate-to-severe plaque psoriasis.Since most clinical trials examined etanercept in combination with other drugs,the efficacy and safety of etanercept monotherapy for moderate-to-severe plaque psoriasis have not been well established.This prospective study enrolled 61 Chinese patients with moderate-to-severe plaque psoriasis to explore the efficacy and safety of etanercept monotherapy.These patients were treated with etanercept at a subcutaneous dose of 25 mg,twice a week,for 12 weeks.All the 61 patients completed the treatment and showed significant improvement in psoriasis area and severity index (PASI) scores.At 4,8,and 12 weeks after treatment,the response rates (PASI75) were 0％,21.31％,and 40.98％,respectively.It was concluded that etanercept monotherapy is efficacious and safe for patients with moderate-to-severe plaque psoriasis.

Association between microRNA single nucleotide polymorphisms and the risk of hepatocellular carcinoma / Asociación entre polimorfismos de un nucleótido en microRNA circulante y riesgo de carcinoma hepatocelular

Background: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has a high morbidity and mortality. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of microRNA (miRNA) may be associated with the susceptibility to develop certain malignant tumors. Aim: To study the association between SNPs of miRNA and hepatocellular carcinoma in peripheral blood samples. Material and Methods: Three SNPs in miRNA were studied in peripheral blood samples of 498 patients with HCC and 520 controls. Results: A significant association was observed between rs13299349 in miRNA3152 and HCC. AA genotype or A allele were significantly associated with increased risk of HCC. A allele was associated with the size and number of tumor foci. There was also a relationship between rs10061133 in miRNA449b and HCC. The G allele was significantly associated with increased risk of HCC compared with A allele. Conclusions: This study links rs13299349 in miRNA3152 and rs10061133 in miRNA449b with the risk of developing HCC.

Antecedentes: El carcinoma hepatocelular (CHC) tiene una alta morbilidad y mortalidad. Polimorfismos de un nucleótido (SNP) presentes en el microRNA (miRNA) circulante pueden asociarse a ciertos tumores. Objetivo: Estudiar la asociación entre la presencia de SNPs en miRNA circulante y la presencia de carcinoma hepatocelular. Material y Métodos: Se determinó la presencia de tres SNP en microRNA de sangre periférica en 498 pacientes con CHC y 520 controles. Resultados: El SNP rs13299349 en el miRNA3152 se asoció con CHC. El genotipo AA o el alelo A se asociaron con un riesgo mayor de presentar un CHC. El alelo A se asoció además con el tamaño y número de focos del tumor. Se observó también una relación entre el SNP rs10061133 en el miRNA449b y HCC. En este caso, el alelo G se relacionó con un mayor riesgo de CHC. Conclusiones: Los SNP rs13299349 en el miRNA3152 y rs10061133 en el miRNA449b se asocian al riesgo de desarrollar CHC.

A meta-analysis of metronidazole and vancomycin for the treatment of Clostridium difficile infection, stratified by disease severity

The aim of this meta-analysis was to compare the efficacy of metronidazole and vancomycin for the treatment of Clostridium difficileinfection, especially to investigate which agent was superior for treating either mild or severe C. difficileinfection. A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials and cohort studies identified in Pubmed, Embase, and the Cochrane Library was conducted. Four randomized controlled trials and two cohort studies involving 1218 patients were included in this meta-analysis. Metronidazole was inferior to vancomycin for treating C. difficileinfection in terms of both initial clinical cure rates (risk ratio, RR = 0.91, 95% confidence interval, CI = 0.84-0.98, p= 0.02) and sustained cure rates (RR = 0.88, 95% CI = 0.82-0.96, p= 0.003). For mild C. difficileinfection, the efficacy of metronidazole and vancomycin resulted in similar clinical cure rates (RR = 0.94, 95% CI = 0.84-1.04, p= 0.21) and sustained cure rates (RR = 0.93, 95% CI = 0.83-1.05, p= 0.26). For severe C. difficileinfection the efficacy of vancomycin was superior to metronidazole in terms of clinical cure rates (RR = 0.81, 95% CI = 0.69-0.95, p= 0.009), whereas sustained cure rates were similar (RR = 0.86, 95% CI = 0.72-1.02, p= 0.08). Regarding microbiological cure metronidazole therapy was as effective as vancomycin therapy (RR = 0.88, 95% CI = 0.64-1.21, p= 0.43). Recurrence rates with metronidazole and vancomycin for both mild C. difficileinfection (RR = 0.95, 95% CI = 0.56-1.60, p= 0.85) and severe C. difficileinfection (RR = 1.27, 95% CI = 0.85-1.91, p= 0.25) were not different. Likewise, no difference in all-cause mortality was found as well (RR = 0.87, 95% CI = 0.56-1.35, p= 0.53). In conclusion, vancomycin provides improved initial clinical and sustained cure rates in patients with C. difficileinfection compared with metronidazole, especially in patients with severe C. difficileinfection. In view of these data, vancomycin may be considered first line therapy for severe C. difficileinfection.